Sunday, February 15, 2026

 




Pearl in the Ocean

 On a chilly wintry evening in a small town of North India few friends meet over a cup of coffee and resolve to escape to the warm sunny breezy shores of Phuket Thailand 

Phuket situated in the Andaman Sea is a paradise on earth stunning white sand beaches, emerald green waters, rich cultural experience, legendary nightlife and diverse cuisine 

Hit the beach is the call.. We hire a traditional Thai longboat ride from Patong to Coral island. Sunbathing, snorkeling, swimming in the turquoise water enjoying the waves I had a feeling of something slipping out of my pocket … my glasses swim away from my pocket sinking at the bottom of the sea  

My heart sinks with thoughts of spending the rest of the vacation with hazy blurry vision struggling to do simple things as reading or making a phone call, all efforts to find it back falls in despair knowing well that the chances of finding a clear glass frame against sandy bottom was like finding Pearl in the ocean.

Down hearted dispirited crestfallen of the sudden loss I retune and recalibrate my thoughts explaining myself to forget and forgo the loss and seize the moment ahead

Hours passed by... a moment of serendipity occurs a lady who’s face I could hardly see as she was wearing a snorkel mask.. taps on my friends back. This is yours?

 My eyes turn to the glasses in her hand, the moment freezes in my eyes watching my friend ecstatic with joy thankfulness and gratitude pouring towards her. I regain myself trying to reach her she turns her back and with a blink of eye vanishes in the swarm of beach goers.

 I sled my glasses back the world snaps into sharp focus realizing I have witnessed something better than the seascape a miracle delivered by the hands of a stranger.

Walking back to the beach amused I couldn’t shake. In a sea that vast those glasses could have been swept miles away or buried under the sand forever but they found their way back to me.

In that moment standing on the white sand of Phuket I felt the luckiest guy on the planet as if the universe had signaled me out as the chosen one for a bit of seaside magic. 

 29 JAN 2026

PHUKET Th.   

Monday, April 29, 2013

Qissa e Laila Majnu... Aurangzeb and Hirabai Zainabadi


                                                    
Aurangzeb has been portrayed as cold blooded shrewd and puritanical, devoid of emotions and it is precisely this image of him which is etched deeply in our minds that one find it hard to believe that he lived and died like any other human being. Several historical records, the most important being Akham-i-Alamgiri,* Aurangzeb's biography, tell us that he not only studied music but also had a deep appreciation of music. His biographer tells us about his visit to Deccan as a prince where he fell madly in love with Zainabadi, a “woman of unequalled musical skill”. For several years Aurangzeb was lost to the world, living only for Zainabadi and her music, forgetting even his rigorous religious discipline.
 Hirabai Zainabadi, had been, in the  Aurangzeb's maternal aunt's husband Mir Khalil, Chief of the Artillery, Deccan ,harem. One day the prince went with the ladies of his harem to the garden of Zainabad Burhanpur, named Bagh-i-Ahu-khanah (Garden of the abode of Deer) for a stroll .the prince glimpsed Hirabai frolicking in the mango garden unaware of his presence This move of hers robbed the prince of his senses and self-control. intoxicated at first sight he decided to posses her  with active help of  Khan-i-Zaman's wife (the prince's maternal aunt),the issue was resolved when the uncle agreed to trade the slave girl Chattar Bai in Aurangzeb's harem for Hirabai. 
It is said that Zainabadi went as far as insisting that Aurangzeb should accept a cup of wine from her hand, as the prince gave in and was about to drink from the cup, Zainabadi took it away from him saying"The purpose was to test your love, and not to leave a bitter taste in your mouth."
Niccalo Manucci.* narrates the story thus:“Aurangzeb grew very fond of one of the dancing-women in his harem, and through the great love he bore to her he neglected for some time his prayers and his austerities, filling up his days with music and dances; and going even farther, he enlivened himself with wine, which he drank at the ins­tance of the said dancing-girl. The dancer died, and Aurangzeb made a vow never to drink wine again nor to listen to music.
Recalling the incident many years later, Aurangzeb wrote to his grandson, "In my youth, I was also attached to a person who was haughty. Throughout her life, I maintained my love, and never uttered a harsh word to her." It is remarkable that even in love Aurangzeb was testing his own endurance..
Images 1 NSD Drama Begum Zainabadi By Bharti Sharma 
             2 Dolls of India.com
           *3Ahkam-i-Alamgiri authored by Aurangzib’s favourite officer Hamid-ud-din Khan Nimcha
           *4 Ahukhana is at Burhanpur MP. Zainabad. The place was Royal leisure pavilions during the Mughal time. Body of Mumtaj Mahal
                was buried at this place for six months.
          *5 Niccolao Manucci (1639–1717) was an Italian writer and traveller. He worked in the Mughal court</

Tuesday, May 8, 2012

Khusro of Khusro Bagh

Mughal history is replete with fratricidal events bloody sucssession wars amongs kinsmen having hands smeared with blood as if it was a necessary prelude to succession a rite de passage for a prince to king emperor But, of all those, the most pathetic case, next to the tragic end of Dara Shikoh, was that of ,Khusro Mirza(August 16, 1587 – January 26, 1622)  the eldest son of the Mughal  emperor Jahangir His mother Manbai or Shah Begum was a Kachhwaha princess and the daughter of Raja Bhagwant Das. Prince Khusro was born in Lahore on August 16, 1587.His mother committed suicide on May 16, 1604 by consuming poison. Being his favourite grandson Akbar wanted khusro to succeed him Jahangir his son was perpetually intoxicated was used to easy life having rebelled unsuccessfully against mighty Akbar he had fallen from grace the resultant gloom and his growing age lead him to addiction while Khusro was a liberal in Akbar’s mould. He was very handsome and pleasant and won the heart of everyone with his infinite charm While Akbar was on his deathbed, Raja Man Singh, Khusro’s maternal uncle and orthodox elements rallied around Jahangir who agreed to restore the Sharia in return for their support.
 
Like his descendant Dara, khusro was popular and believed to be a pious man compared to his debauched father .He was a man who contented himself with one wife.Emboldend by his popularity and acceptability and pushed by the clique around him who aspired to throne him on imperial seat he left the capital with barely 350 followers. On the pretext of paying his respect at the tomb of his grandfather Akbar, Soon his entourage swelled.

At Mathura, he was joined by Husain Beg Badakhshani. At Panipat, the Dewan of Lahore, who was proceeding to the capital with the revenues of his province, was allured by the belligerent prince. Threats, persuasion and promise of high office induced him to defect to the prince’s camp. He handed over to the prince, the revenues of Lahore, which amounted to one lakh rupees. The prince conferred upon him the title of Malik Anwar and made him his wazir.


  At Tarantaran, Punjab Sikh Guru Arjun Dev gave his blessings. Khusro marched towards Lahore. Khusro failed to lure the fauzdar of Lahore into submission and the defenders repulsed all assaults.Enraged Jahangir decided to personally take the field and entered Punjab with a large force. A part of the imperial army crossed the river Ravi Khusro succeeded in humiliating a considerable portion of the advance party that crossed the river.However the might of the emperor marched well ahead of him as the news spread that the Emperor had crossed the river with his vast main army. Soon, the rebels had shivers down there spine anticipating the wrath of ferocious Jahangir.The Prince, however, was determined to offer resistance to his father,  Suddenly, one of his commanders caught hold of the reins of his horse and marched it backwards, a few paces. Before Khusro realized what was happening, his soldiers thought that their leader was withdrawing and ran in different directions in utter confusion.

In the meantime, Jahangir crossed the river with his main army. The prince had to flee. His arrest was stage manned  At the place where the fugitive Prince was expected to cross the river, the solitary boat and boatman informed the arrival of  Prince to the Kotwawal of fort of Jullundur the Kotwal offered his hospitality to the unsuspecting Prince, and he along with the commander who turned back the prince’s horse and a few others were taken into the fort of Jullunder,on the pretext of making arrangements for their dinner,  the Kotwal came out and caused the doors of the fort locked firmly.

 A force was immediately dispatched from Lahore to bring captives to emperor’s presence.The Prince was brought to Lahore in chains. To be presented in open durbar.The rebels were severely dealt Commander Husain Beg Badakhshani and Abdur Rahim, the Dewan of Lahore, were stripped of all their clothes and were dressed in freshly peeled skins; one, in the skin of a cow, and the other in that of an ass.The next day they were paraded on asses through the streets of the city. Having survived this ordeal they were brought to the pleasure-house of the Emperor.Husain Ali Beg couldn’t take more and fell on the ground and his head chopped off was displayed on the main gate of the Lahore fort. His body was cut into four pieces and displayed, tied to sticks, in the four important places of the city.The Dewan was survived the ordeal. and he was restored to his former rank and post. The Emperor, who used to be generous when he wished so, even gave his daughter to him in marriage! For this favor, the Dewan paid one lakh rupees to the Emperor.Stern punishment awaited the other captives some were gibbeted on pikes and others, hung. The Emperor marched by the main road, to see them hung or gibbeted. Behind him was Khusro, chained and mounted on an unadorned elephant.Arjun Dev, who gave the prince in his flight 5,000 rupees and placed raj tilak on his brow, was put to ignominious death.

Khusro was imprisoned in the fort of Agra he was blinded. Later he recovered his eye-sight partially. The zenana of the harem persuaded Jahangir to pardon him. Consequently Khusro was permitted to attend the durbar in 1613
.However this was not the buoyant Khusro of yester year’s dejection gloom and melancholy shadowed him he was adverse to worldly affairs he took recourse to alcohol  


Khurram better known as Shah Jahan the second son of Jahangir was not comfortable of having a rival claimant to the throne a year later Khurram reported to the emperor that his brother Khusro had died of colic. Many believe that Khurram instrumented the murder of his brother in order to make his succession easy.

By the command of his father, whose wrath seems to have been allayed in the awful presence of death, his remains were conveyed to Allahabad, where they were interred by the side of his mother, in the garden near Khurrabad. The walled garden known as Khusro Bagh, still stands in its melancholy grandeur to remind the visitor of those unhappy events which led to the tragic end of the Prince, who has been rightly described as the most interesting and pathetic figure in Indian history.” (Ishwari Prasad).

Its pertinent to note that Jahangir himself had rebelled against his mighty father Akbar but he fortunate enough to be let off, Khusro who was guilty of lesser degree was not that fortunate of having a fatherly generosity he along Dara were two tragic princes who’s unfold l
ives seizes the curious reader  

Picture 1 empreor  Jahangir  receving   his  two  sons  an  album  painting  in gouchae on paper  c1605-06
Picture 2 Tomb of Khusro,Khusrobagh , Allahabad


Monday, February 6, 2012

Where did Razia die.. Controversy regarding her Grave 

Razia Sultan's actual site of grave remains shrouded in mystery. There are at least three claims regarding her grave site. This is compounded by the fact that none of the three grave site has epitaph (inscription) on tombstone in memory of the one buried there. So far there are no archaeological or documentary evidences to confirm the site of her grave. The dispute is whether she was buried in Kaithal or Delhi or Tonk, and also where were Altunia and Yakut buried
 Razia's Grave at Old Delhi

First claim is that Razia's grave lies among the narrow lanes of Old Delhi, in a courtyard in Bulbul-i-khana, Shahjahanabad, near the Turkman Gate entrance. the grave has clearly suffered the ravages of time. in 13th century, the site of the tomb was a jungle, and no one knows how Razia's body ended up where it lies today. A second grave, believed to be that of her sister, Shazia, accompanies Razia's. Some of the Muslim residents of the neighborhood have turned a part of the tomb into a mosque, where prayers are conducted five times each day.

Razia's Grave at Siwan near Kaithal in Haryana

Second claim is that the tomb of Razia is situated in Siwan near Kaithal city, Haryana The tomb lies in the north-western suburbs Given the controversy surrounding her grave site, it is possible that she may have been initially interred at Kaithal and then later at Delhi but this remains purely a speculation with no evidence of any kind.

 Razia's Grave at Tonk in Rajasthan

Third and more recent claim that she and her African slave paramour are buried at Tonk in Rajsthan where her father Iltumish had laid a siege The controversy arose after Sayed Sadique Ali, an Urdu lecturer at the local government post-graduate college claimed that the graves at the site are that of Razia and her trusted slave, Yaqut. He based his findings on the calligraphic Arabic script deciphered by the pattern of stones of irregular shapes affixed around the graves. The stones convey a particular message which, according to him, is: "Shahide Muhabbat Quvvatul-Mulk Jamaluddin Yaqut" around the smaller grave, and on the main grave, situated at a higher level, it reads: "Sultanul Hind Razia."
*Razia killed by Jats near Kaithal in Haryana
According to the historian Satish Chandra, Razia died in the year 1239 in raids by bandits in a forest upon returning from battle on her elephant with a halted unit of her army. disapproved by others as she was likely to be on a horse in the battle. Popular legend tells of the queen's death to be an arrow shot into her heart when on the battlefield crying over her husband, Altunia's death. some historical accounts her escape on the horse during the war in a man's disguise, being given shelter by Jats and later killed by them in a skirmish near Kithal
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Monday, January 16, 2012

Remembering Firaq

Raghupati Sahay Firaq Gorakhpuri, born on August 28, 1896 to Munshi Gorakh Prashad, a lawyer and a fairly well-known poet with alias Ibrat Gorakhpuri.

The Kayasth family originally belonged to Baans Gaon Tehsil, it is said more than four hundred years ago, Sher Shah Suri had bestowed the family five villages because of which the family came to be known as Panch-Gaon-Kayasth (Kayasth of the five villages) later shifted to the district headquarter Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh 

Firaq was tutored Urdu and Persian, in accordance with the tradition of those days,he passed his matriculation in 1913.Government Jubilee college, Gorakhpur, did his graduation from Allahabad university. Compatriot to Harivansh Rai Bacchhan and legendary A N Jha as his mentor, he was married to Kishori Devi on June 29, 1914.

After graduation, Firaq joined the National Struggle in 1917, on the suggestion of Jawaharlal Nehru, and consequently was imprisoned for a year. *(In view of the jail sentence there was no possibility of him being selected for the I.C.S. in the following year.) His father died on June 18, 1918; now he was forced to take up a job. Thus, he was appointed as Deputy Collector in 1919. Firaq did his Masters in English, while still in service, from Agra University in 1930 and made up his mind to join the teaching profession. He was appointed as Lecturer in English in the Department of English, Allahabad University, from where he retired as Professor on December 31, 1968.

Poetry was was in his DNA father Ibrat Gorakhpuri himself was a celebrated poet of his times. His masnavi, Husn-e-Fitrat and another poem,Nashva-o-Numaaye Hind are famous even today. He started composing ghazals and nazms at the age of 15. his first tutor was Ameer Minai, a prominent poet of the time and later on became the pupil of Waseem Khairabadi.

Firaq’s significance as a ghazal poet is because of his fresh thematic contributions to the long-established format of the genre. Firaq was well versed in Persian, Urdu, Hindi and Sanskrit and his knowledge of Hindu mythology was also exceptional. Furthermore, he was also a teacher of English literature. All these credentials helped him enrich the conventional form of ghazal. Firaq’s ghazal is deeply rooted in the sensuousness that is derived from the admiration of female  form and appreciation of all the gorgeous things in life. His aesthetic expression and usage of the Brij dialect bestow a unique indianness to his ghazal. Firaq has been the blender of ghazal traditionally entrenched in Persian culture, with that of Indian culture. 

* Some accounts mention him asmember of ICS
*  Youtube rendetion by Jagjit Singh

Sunday, October 16, 2011

Roshanara forgotten princess

  The inter filial rivalries of Jahanara, Dara, Shuja, Roshanara and Aurangzeb, siblings of Arjumand Bano and Prince Khurram, Shah Jahan shaped the destiny of Mugahl India the elders Jahanara and Dara were favorites of Shah Jahan and the throne was ordained to pass to Dara the favorite however Aurangzeb was not a man without ambition he revolted and demanded his share of the kingdom. Roshanara beloved sister of Aurangzeb carried his mantle in the harem and leaked the conspiracy hatched by the emperor and Dara to get rid of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb refused the invitation by Shah Jahan to visit Agra for negotiations about the division of the Mughal empire and averted his certain death. having lost the battle of sucssesion Shah Jahan and Dara were imprisoned and later Dara was executed on the insistence of Roshanara. Her reason behind the murder of Dara was that she had betrayed her father and her brother in helping Aurangzeb. She feared if at any point of time Dara gains back power he would certainly get her murdered. It is because of this constant fear that she used all her power over Aurangzeb to get Dara killed. Once Aurangzeb emerged successful, it was Roshanara, living up to her characterization as being ruthless, who insisted on the execution of their brother Dara and sent the head to their father in a box as a gift.

   Roshanara became the leading woman of the court, she had great aversion towards her elder sister Jahanara.  After the death of their father Jahanara and Aurangzeb were reconciled., he bestowed her with titles, revered her and gave her prominence in the Mughal durbar Roshanara reportedly was not comfort able of her sister's return to power.

Although obliged to remain single in the tradition of Mughal princesses, allegedly she acquired a series of lovers, While Aurangzeb was campaigning in the Deccan, she managed affairs in Delhi on his behalf, but she furthered her own temporal ends. Emboldened her enemies brought the case against her to Aurangzeb. Subsequently, Aurangzeb banished his sister to lead a life of pious seclusion. However, once Roshanara was discovered with another lover, Aurangzeb had her declared a kafir and ordered her lover and her to be poisoned. Roshanara afraid of the implications of her actions asked Aurangzeb to build a palace for her away from the walled city. She decided to stay away from politics which was getting dangerous and muddy. Roshanara chose to spend an esoteric life in her palace in Delhi, surrounded by a thick forest. She never married and lived in her palace till the end of her life. Her palace in the middle of the garden Roshanara Bagh is a reminder of the crucial role she played in the history of India.



Sources
Gupta, Shruti C. “Roshanara: The Forgotten Princess.” Literaryzone. 2007.
Picture1.Roshanara hand painting by Robert Henri 
Picture2.Shah Jahan and his four sons by Willem Schellinks end of 17th century 

Thursday, July 21, 2011

"Janni" the dutiful daughter Jahanara


“Janni” the dutiful daughter Jahanara

     She was born on a dark night in 1614,to most romantic couple, Khurram and wife, Arjumand Banu Begum,later Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.Her birth was inconsequential as it could not resolve the succession question of the Mughal throne. The meena bazaar at Agra fort the nuv roz festival  was organized by the  mughal court where the women of the Harem ran the stalls selling things as turban chadors gems and jwellery it was here they met for first time Arjumand was 14 and Khurram 20.The Empress Nur Jahan herself was helping the young Arjumand run her little shop and introduced her niece to  the prince. It was love at first sight and on May 10, 1612,the royal kazi pronounced the the nikah and Prince Khurram took Arjumand as his third wife.    

After  the birth of Jahanara, came the beloved first boy, Dara, born on March 30, 1615. Next came Shuja, another son, born on July 3, 1616, then another girl, Raushanara, born Spetember 3, 1617, then a boy, Aurangzeb, born November 3, 1618. Afterwards there followed numerous miscarriages by Arjumand.         

In 1620, when Emperor Jahangir fell seriously ill. Nur Jahan usurped power  to ensure favorable succession,married her daughter to one of Jahangir's sons by another queen, Shahryar. She wished for the couple to produce an heir to the throne if Jahangir died, which seemed very likely. Jahangir had despised the Persians of the court. With the present disputes in the Moghul courts, the Persians decided to take advantage and captured Qandahar, a Moghul  possession. When the dying Jahangir and Shahryar raised a rebellion against the Persians, Khurram denied them his assistance. A family rebellion exploded and he led his armies against his powerful father and Shahryar. However, he was defeated. Instead of being executed, Nur Jahan dictated her orders that Khurram should relocate his family. And that his sons Dara and Aurangzeb should be handed over as hostages.

The family had relocated to the Nizamshahi territory in the Deccan, a wasteland and breeding ground for rebels, traitors, and criminals. She and her family lived in huge tents, though they had riches of the world ate in gold and slept on ivory Jahanara grew up among splendor in the middle of nowhere. However, on October 28, 1627, hearing th death of Emperor Jahangir Khurram proclaimed himself Emperor. He ordered all other competitors to the throne, including Shahryar, executed, had Nur Jahan the powerful queen erstwhile defacto ruler placed in his captivity for ever. He became Shah Jahan, "king of the world", Arjumand became Mumtaz Mahal, "crown beauty of the palace", and Jahanara inherited the prestigous title of Begum Sahib, Princess of Princesses. At the age of 14.
         
At Fatehpur Sikri Jahanara's rooms can still be seen today, one could only imagine the splendor of its time. floral design of rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and diamonds were scattered across the walls her apartments, along with perfumed cool pool waters and vast marble and jeweled floors.
         
'Janni'.as called by the closest spent her nights with her father and mother, painting, writing poems, and helping her father plan reconstructions of other palaces and monuments.Jahanara truly was a gifted young woman. She spent her days with all the women of the court, from the lowest concubines to her step-mothers.She had a very good relationship with her brother Dara, who shared her love of the arts, but was hostile towards Roshanara and Aurangzeb,who were devious and disrespectful towards their mother and father,and even other minorities in the harem, such as the Hindu wife and Christian wife of shahjahan. All the royals Jahanara included were taught by many tutors,including Mumtaz's secretary,Sati-un Nissa,nicknamed sati. 

Jahanara spent her teenage years travelling all over the empire, visiting her father's many splendors with the court. The family visited the beautiful palace at Srinagar in Kashmir, where the harem often went for picnics on Silver Island on Lake Dal. And they also toured shahjahan's masterpiece, the Red Fort,  that rivaled any palace they had ever seen. Meena  Bazaar, which had simply died in Jahangir's later reign, even made a come back in Shahjahan's reign, which Jahanara took a part in. 

           However, tragedy struck the family in 1631. While giving birth to her 14th child, Mumtaz died on June 17. With the death of the empress, Jahanara became the uncrowned woman figure head next to her father. She took on many responsibilities, including all the responsibilities of operating the harem, from food to clothes to tutoring.Jahanara planned Dara's Nikah to Begum Nadira Banu, While attending a garden party in 1644, Jahanara's heavily perfumed kameez, trousers, and pairhan, robes, caught fire. She became seriously sick and shahjahan himself nursed his beloved daughter back to health, which took many weeks. 
     
After almost 30 years as the lead woman in the empire, Jahanara took on another duty to tend to her dying father. When shahjahan fell ill, his four sons (Dara, Aurangzeb, Shuja, and Murad) broke into wars against one another to succeed their father. Aurangzeb triumphed. He had Dara and Murad executed and Shuja fled. It is unclear how or where Shuja died. Although Jahan was still living, Auranzgeb declared himself the Emperor and had his father locked up in his Agra palaces Jahanara accompanied her father for the rest of his life.
          
In captivity and seclusion shahjahan ceaselessly watched his marble masterpiece rise into the sky. Started 1631-1648 there are evidences to suggest that.Jahanara herself was involved in its designing. 

Shah Jahan died on October 22, 1666, at the age of 74, with Jahanara at his side. she serenely supervised the modest burial of her legendary father. Jahanara returned to a changed court life after her father's death, ruled over now by Aurangzeb, Jahanara's orthodox brother. Aurangzeb had numerous luxuries banned. The Nine Days Bazaar was banned. Harem women were forced into strict seclusion, including many 'revealing' forms of clothing banned and the dismissal of all Christian, Hindu, and non-Islamic women.
          
Aurangzeb had a curious relation with her sister while he never forgave her for siding with Dara during succession struggle he also showered accolades on her and bestowed Jahanara many titles, many of which went against Aurangzeb's beliefs. He named her the Padishah Begum, the highest title in the harem meaning 'lady emperor After the death of their father Jahanara and Aurangzeb were reconciled. He gave her the title, 'Empress of Princesses' and she replaced Roshanara as first lady,and Sahibat al-Zamani, Mistress of the Age. Most importantly, Jahanara continued to hold the title 'Begum Sahib'--a title normally only applied to women when they gave birth to a male child for the emperor.
Jahanara continued to live an active personal life.as head of the harem. she supervised the running of the household, like her father she took keen interest in  designing and building as she had done with her father when he was still alive. Her most famous structures are, the Chandni Chowk in Shahjahanbad.  a public bath south of chandni chowk  bazaar a caravanserai. Jahanara's most ambitious project was the Shiba Abad Garden, a large enclosed space of 50 acres designed especially for the royal family. Not much is known of Jahanara's private life a patroness of the arts, she was a skilled painter and poet who spent her days in seclusion away from the harem at Aurangzeb's court composing lyrical poetry and music and painting. Her family life had deteriorated. Both her parents had died, Aurangzeb, though he had bestowed many favors upon his older sister, was a chauvinist and a despot. Jahanara's sister Roshanara Begum was reportedly very jealous of her sister's return to power. 

Jahanara Begum stated that she and her brother Dārā were the only descendants of Timur to embrace Sufism. patronized Sufi literature,and commissioned translations of and commentaries on many works of classical literature Along with brother Dara Shikoh she was a disciple of Mullah Shah Badakshi, who initiated her into the Qadiriya order She wrote a biography of Moinuddin Chishti, the founder of the Chishtiya order, titled Mu’nis al-Arwā, as well as a biography of Mullah Shah, titled Risālah-i āibīyah, in which she also described her initiation by him Her biography of Moinuddin Chishti is highly regarded for its judgment and literary quality. In it she regarded him as having initiated her spiritually four centuries after his death, described her pilgrimage to Ajmer, and spoke of herself as a faqīrah to signify her vocation as a Sufi woman.

She argued against Aurangzeb's strict regulation of public life in accordance with his conservative religious beliefs and his decision in 1679 to restore the poll tax on non-Muslims, which she rightly,said would alienate his Hindu subjects. Jahanara died on September 6, 1681, at the age of sixty-seven. Throughout her life, Jahanara led a life that defied the strict codes of the Moghul Empire. A revered Indian figure today, Jahanara led a life of art and goodwill towards others. Throughout her last years, Jahanara openly defied her brother, Aurangzeb's bigot ism

Upon her death Aurangzeb gave her the posthumous title 'Sahibat-uz-Zamani' 'Mistress of the Age' Jahanara is buried in a tomb in the Nizamuddin Dargah complex in New Delhi which is remarkable for its simplicity




Source:Jahanara: Princess of Princesses, India, 1627 The Royal Diaries by Kathryn Lasky
Pic1:cover page of above book
Pic2:Jahanara, Roshanara and Dara grieving the death of their mother Mumtaz Mahal  a still from the movie 'Jahanara' 1964